Pavla: Jé, je roztomilý. Také mám bratra, ale staršího. Má dvacet tři let, už s námi nebydlí, studuje v Praze.
Marta: Jak se jmenuje?
Pavla: Jakub. Myslím, že jsem ti ho už představila, ale už je to dávno.
Marta: Opravdu? Nevzpomínám si. Jak vypadá?
Pavla: Je mi prý hodně podobný, až na to, že má světlejší vlasy. Skoro blond. Také nosí brýle a nemá rovnátka.
Marta: Už vím! Podobáš se na něj. Je vysoký a hubený, že?
Pavla: Přesně. Máme to v rodině. I má sestra je štíhlá, nicméně je mnohem menší.
Marta: A má černé vlasy, ne?
Pavla: Ne od přírody. Je bruneta, ale barví si vlasy na černo.
Marta: Aha, ale sluší jí to, má světlou pleť.
VOCABULARY:
až na ['azye 'nuh] except for
barvit (imperf.) ['bur-vit] to dye, to colour; verb
blond (indeclinable) ['blond] blond; adj.
bratr, m. (bratra; prdg. pán) ['bruh-tr] brother; noun
brýle, p. n. (brýlí; prdg. růže) ['bree:-leh] glasses; noun
brýle, p. n. (brýlí; prdg. růže) ['bree:-leh] glasses; noun
bruneta, f. (brunety; prdg. žena) ['broo-neh-tuh] brunette; noun
černý/á/é (prdg. mladý) ['tcher-nee:] black; adj.
dávno ['du:h-vno] a long time ago; adv.
ho – declined on (meaning 'him')
hodně ['hoa-dnye] a lot, very; adv.
hubený/á/é (prdg. mladý) ['hoo-beh-nee:] skinny; adj
chodit (imperf.) ['choa-dyit] to go, to walk, to atted; verb
i ['ee] even, and; conj.
jé ['yae] wow, yay; interj.
menší – comparative of malý ['men-shee:] smaller; adj.
mnohem ['mnoa-hem] a lot more, far; adv.
myslet (imperf.) ['mee-slet] to think
námi – declined my (meaning 'us')
nicméně ['nyits-mae:-nye] nevertheless; conj.
nosit (imperf.) ['noa-sit] to carry, to wear; verb
opravdu ['oa-pruv-doo] really
pleť, f. (pleti; prdg. kost) ['pletye] complexion; noun
podobat se (na) (imperf.) ['poa-doa-but seh] to resemble; verb
podobný/á/é ['poa-dob-nee:] similar, alike, like; adj.
prý ['pree:] allegedly; part.
představit (perf.) ['przyed-stuh-vit] to introduce; verb
přesně ['przye-snye] exactly; adv.
příroda, f. (přírody; prdg. žena) ['przyee:-roa-duh] nature; noun
rovnátka, p. n. (rovnátek; prdg. město) ['roa-vnu:h-tkah] braces; noun
roztomilý/á/é (prdg. mladý) ['roaz-toa-mee-lee:] cute, adorable; adj.
sestra, f. (sestry; prdg. žena) sister; noun
skoro ['scoa-roh] almost; adv.
světlý/á/é (prdg. mladý) ['svye-tlee:] light, not dark; adj. (here in comparative– světlejší)
škola, f. (školy; prdg. škola) ['shkoa-luh] school; noun
slušet (imperf.) ['sloo-shet] (used only with object) to suit, to look good
štíhlý/á/é (prdg. mladý) ['shtyee:-hlee:] slim; adj.
taky ['tuh-cky] too, also; adv. (part.)
už ['oozye] anymore, finally, already; adv.
vlas, m. (vlasu; prdg. hrad) ['vlus] hair; noun
vypadat (jako) (imperf.) ['vee-puh-dut] to look like, to seem like; verb
vypadat (jako) (imperf.) ['vee-puh-dut] to look like, to seem like; verb
vzpomenout si (perf.) ['vz-poa-meh-noat sih] to remember; verb
základní (prdg. jarní) ['zu:h-klud-nyee:] basic, elementary; adj.
PHRASES
Toto je... This is...
This phrase doesn't change according to the gender of the subject. However, if the subject is plral, you have to use 'jsou' instead of 'je'. Toto jsou mí rodiče. (=These are my parents.)
Jak vypadá...? What does he/she/ it look like...?
As you may notice, we use 'how' instead of 'what'. If a girl asks you 'Jak vypadám?' just say 'Dobře.' Make sure you use an adverb in your response. 'Vypadáš unaveně.' (=You look tired.) 'Vypadá hezky?' (=Does she/he/it look nice?)
Už vím! Now I see!
Also 'I got it already' (which means that I understood, not got like obtained). You can also ask 'Už víš?' (=You got it already? or Remember?) when you try to explain or describe something/ someone, or want someone to recall or remember something.
..., že? ..., right?
I think this doesn't need to be explained. 'Ty chodíš na univerzitu, že?' (=You attend a university, right?)
Máme to v (naší) rodině. We have this in our family.
We use this more often than our English friends. They usually mention it in relation to some diseases or allergies; in Czech you can use it when talking about a personality trait, customs, appearance, etc.
..., ne?/ ..., nebo ne? ...,or not?
Ne ... Not...
We use 'ne' when we want to negate something that is not a verb. If it is a verb, 'ne' is used as a prefix, if not, it is separated by a space. 'Udělali jste to?' 'Ano, ale ne záměrně.' (=Did you do that? Yes, but not on purpose.)
Od přírody by nature
barvit si vlasy to dye one's hair
'Barvíš si vlasy?' (=Do you dye your hair?)
na ... (nějaká barva) (some colour)
In English, you can say 'I dye my hair purple.' and it's okay but in Czech you have to add 'na', which symbolizes a movement or change (i. e., it looked somehow and now it looks differently). 'Proč si barvíš vlasy na zeleno?' (=Why do you colour your hair green?).
Sluší jí to. It suits her well./ She looks good.
'Jí' here means 'her', it is a declined form of 'ona,' more specifically it is the third case. You have to use the third case in this phrase. 'Sluší ti to.' (=You look good.) 'Sluší' is not conjugated (you can't say 'You suit her well.' =Slušíš jí.)
sestra (sister)
matka (mother)
děda (grandfather)
This phrase doesn't change according to the gender of the subject. However, if the subject is plral, you have to use 'jsou' instead of 'je'. Toto jsou mí rodiče. (=These are my parents.)
Jak vypadá...? What does he/she/ it look like...?
As you may notice, we use 'how' instead of 'what'. If a girl asks you 'Jak vypadám?' just say 'Dobře.' Make sure you use an adverb in your response. 'Vypadáš unaveně.' (=You look tired.) 'Vypadá hezky?' (=Does she/he/it look nice?)
Už vím! Now I see!
Also 'I got it already' (which means that I understood, not got like obtained). You can also ask 'Už víš?' (=You got it already? or Remember?) when you try to explain or describe something/ someone, or want someone to recall or remember something.
..., že? ..., right?
I think this doesn't need to be explained. 'Ty chodíš na univerzitu, že?' (=You attend a university, right?)
Máme to v (naší) rodině. We have this in our family.
We use this more often than our English friends. They usually mention it in relation to some diseases or allergies; in Czech you can use it when talking about a personality trait, customs, appearance, etc.
..., ne?/ ..., nebo ne? ...,or not?
Ne ... Not...
We use 'ne' when we want to negate something that is not a verb. If it is a verb, 'ne' is used as a prefix, if not, it is separated by a space. 'Udělali jste to?' 'Ano, ale ne záměrně.' (=Did you do that? Yes, but not on purpose.)
Od přírody by nature
barvit si vlasy to dye one's hair
'Barvíš si vlasy?' (=Do you dye your hair?)
na ... (nějaká barva) (some colour)
In English, you can say 'I dye my hair purple.' and it's okay but in Czech you have to add 'na', which symbolizes a movement or change (i. e., it looked somehow and now it looks differently). 'Proč si barvíš vlasy na zeleno?' (=Why do you colour your hair green?).
Sluší jí to. It suits her well./ She looks good.
'Jí' here means 'her', it is a declined form of 'ona,' more specifically it is the third case. You have to use the third case in this phrase. 'Sluší ti to.' (=You look good.) 'Sluší' is not conjugated (you can't say 'You suit her well.' =Slušíš jí.)
Family members in Czech
Sourozenci (Siblings)
bratr (brother)sestra (sister)
Rodiče (Parents)
otec (father)matka (mother)
Prarodiče (Grandparents)
babička (grandmother)děda (grandfather)
Vnoučata (grandchildren)
vnuk (grandson)
vnučka (granddaughter)
Zbytek rodiny (The rest of a family)
manžel (husband)
manželka (wife)
teta (aunt)
strýc (uncle)
bratranec (cousin– male)
sestřenice (cousin– female)
neteř (niece)
synovec (nephew)
neteř (niece)
synovec (nephew)
nevlastní ... (step...)
tchán (father-in-law)
tchýně (mother-in-law)
zeť (son-in-law; don't mistake for 'zeď' [wall])
snacha (daughter-in-law)
Kamarádi/ Přátelé (Friends)
kamarád (friend– male)
kamarádka (friend– female)
kamarádka (friend– female)
Presenting family members
I've already mentioned the phrase 'Toto je...' (=This is...) and the plural form 'Toto jsou...' (=These are...). If you're pointing at someone who is further from you, you should use 'Tamto je...' (=That is...) and 'Tamto jsou...' (=Those are...). As we learned in Lesson 12, these phrases are followed by predicate subjects that are always in nominative case.
Toto je má manželka.
Toto jsou má vnoučata.
Tamto je můj děda.
If you want to say 'This woman/ man/ girl/... is...', you have to pay attention to the nouns gender:
Tato žena je má sestra.
Tento kluk je můj syn.
Toto dítě je má neteř.
Toto dítě je má neteř.
Tyto ženy jsou mé babičky.
Tito lidé jsou mí prarodiče.
Tato děvčata jsou mé dcery.
Tato děvčata jsou mé dcery.
You might have noticed that the Czech words for 'this' are basically the demonstrative pronouns ('ten, ta, to, ti, ty, ta') I once (hopefully) presented to you. You can also use them instead of those listed above. To say 'that', you just add 'tam' and remove 'to':
Tato => Tamta
Tento => Tamten
Toto => Tamto
Tyto => Tamty
Tito => Tamti
Tato => Tamta
Now that your interlocutor knows who you're talking about, he or she can start asking these questions:
A: 'Tato žena je má sestra.' B: 'Jak se jmenuje?' A: 'Jmenuje se Klára.'
A: 'Tito lidé jsou mí prarodiče.' B: 'Jak se jmenují?' A: 'Jmenují se Anna a Josef.'
A: 'Tento kluk je můj syn.' B: 'Kolik je mu let?' A: 'Je mu třináct let.'
A: 'Toto dítě je má neteř.' B: 'Kolik má let?' A: 'Má šest let.'
A: 'Tyto ženy jsou mé babičky.' B: 'Odkud jsou?' A: 'Jsou z Ostravy.'
A: 'Tato děvčata jsou mé dcery.' B: 'Ony jsou dvojčata?' A: 'Ano, jsou.'
NOTE: dvojče, n. (dvojčeta; prdg. kuře) ['dvoy-tcheh] twin; noun
In the next lesson, I'll show you how to describe people's appearance and personality. (Plus some grammar of course. 3:-)
love & peace
Ciray
Tato => Tamta
Tento => Tamten
Toto => Tamto
Tyto => Tamty
Tito => Tamti
Tato => Tamta
Now that your interlocutor knows who you're talking about, he or she can start asking these questions:
A: 'Tato žena je má sestra.' B: 'Jak se jmenuje?' A: 'Jmenuje se Klára.'
A: 'Tito lidé jsou mí prarodiče.' B: 'Jak se jmenují?' A: 'Jmenují se Anna a Josef.'
A: 'Tento kluk je můj syn.' B: 'Kolik je mu let?' A: 'Je mu třináct let.'
A: 'Toto dítě je má neteř.' B: 'Kolik má let?' A: 'Má šest let.'
A: 'Tyto ženy jsou mé babičky.' B: 'Odkud jsou?' A: 'Jsou z Ostravy.'
A: 'Tato děvčata jsou mé dcery.' B: 'Ony jsou dvojčata?' A: 'Ano, jsou.'
NOTE: dvojče, n. (dvojčeta; prdg. kuře) ['dvoy-tcheh] twin; noun
In the next lesson, I'll show you how to describe people's appearance and personality. (Plus some grammar of course. 3:-)
love & peace
Ciray
