Saturday, 26 October 2013

Chapter 2– What have you done?

When I got home late in the afternoon, my friend Tereza, whom I call Terka, texted me: You free tonight? Can we meet at my place at six? Urgent! Thnx. I couldn’t say no to her, I needed to cheer up and she was always talking about herself and her problems so her interlocutors never had time to think of theirs. I loved her anyway. She was always smiling and was so funny. Nobody would ever guessed that she had come through so many bad situations and had schisms in her own family. Terka attended a medical high school, had great grades in the elementary school, which we attended together, but got worse when she got into this high. Anyway, I texted her back: Yes, what’s going on? Shall I bring something? It took her a while to answer. I started preparing a quick snack– two toasts with butter and blueberry jam and a glass grog tea. Yummy! Then checked the bus schedule and sorted out I didn’t have enough time to eat it all and get ready to go.
I was flitting around the house and preparing for leaving the house, when my Mom came home from work.
 ‘What’s going on?’ she said, watching me desperately looking for my keys. ‘I’m ‘bout to visit Terka. Do you know where my keys are?’ I asked her without even glancing at her. ‘No,’ she rejoined. ‘You should stay at home studying and revising for school,’ she cried after me but I was already gone running down the stairs.
 As soon as I ran out from our house, I found out it was raining. ‘Damn it!’ I mumbled. Looking at my telephone watches I was deciding whether to go back and get an umbrella or not. Eventually, I didn’t carry one. I also noticed another message from Terka however didn’t read it till I got on the bus.
It’s alright, I’ve solved it, you better stay at home, it’s fucking raining out there. You don’t say?! The wrinkled expression in my face was supposed to look surprised however it made some guys sitting against me laugh. I immediately transformed it into you-better-stop-staring expression and got off the bus in the centre.
I had no idea what to do. I felt down, jaded, my hair was getting wet. Usually when I had nothing to do, I used to light up a cigarette. But being alone, I was scared of that somebody could see me and tell my parents and the rain prevented me from going somewhere else.
Suddenly, I heard my phone ringing. It was Terka. ‘Hey, Ase, I need to talk to you. Sorry for alarming you without a reason,’ she said with a dubiously calm voice. ‘You know, you attend a prestigious school and...’ I stopped her: ‘What? The school is so lame, it’s just that...’ ‘Listen!’ she shouted and went on: ‘You are so beautiful, I cannot look at you without thinking that I’m way too ugly to be a friend of yours,’ she started sobbing. I immensely reacted, stepping away from an eld man trying to catch something from our dialogue: ‘No, stop saying this! I’m not pretty and you know th…,’ she went on like I didn’t say anything: ‘You are thin and I’m fat and stupid. I wanted you to come here I needed to talk to somebody but didn’t want to see you! I’m done! I don’t want to live anymore,’ she hung up.

I tried calling her back but she didn’t pick up the phone… 

Conjugation– MÍT (to have)

PRESENT TENSE 

Já mám                                   My máme
Ty máš                                     Vy máte
On/a/o má                              Oni/y/a mají


FUTURE TENSE

Já budu mít                           My budeme mít
Ty budeš mít                         Vy budete mít
On/a/o bude mít                   Oni/y/a budou mít

PAST TENSE

Já jsem  měl/a/o                    My jsme měli/y/a
Ty jsi měl/a/o                          Vy jste měl/i/y/a
On/a/o měl/a/o                       Oni/y/a měli/y/a

IMPERATIVE

Já ------                                    My mějme    
Ty měj                                     Vy mějte
On/a/o ať má                         Oni/y/a ať mají

Example sentences:
Měj se hezky. (Have a nice day. [Informal.])
Na oběd jsem měla salát z okurků a rajčat. (I had some salad consisted of cucumbers and tomatoes for lunch. [The subject is feminine.])
Když jsem byl malý, měl jsem psa. (When I was little, I had a dog. [Masculine subject.])

Lesson 6– Verb conjugations (basics, division)

 There are four verb groups in Czech (and some +/- million exceptions). It might be less difficult for those who speak French because both Czech and French have very similar systems.

    As I mentioned before, every single Czech verb infinitive ends in -t. But to recognize what group it belongs in you need to learn which suffixes indicate what group. Each group has its vary conjugation suffixes for each pronoun/person.

GROUP I

Suffixes -at and -átFor example "hádat" (to guess), "dát" (to give).

Já          hádám/ dávám        My          hádáme/ dáváme
Ty         hádáš/ dáváš            Vy           hádáte/ dáváte
On/a/o  hádá/ dává                Oni/y/a    hádají/ dávají

GROUP II

Suffixes -ovat-ít and -ýt. Verbs like "darovat" (to give, to dedicate), "šít" (to sew), "mýt" (to wash).

Já          daruji/ šiji/ myji*               My         darujeme/ šijeme/ myjeme
Ty          daruješ/ šiješ/ myješ     Vy          darujete/ šijete/ myjete
On/a/o   daruje/ šije/ myje            Oni/y/a    darují/ šijí/ myjí
*Czechs often use ending -ju instead of -ji when speaking but it's incorrect, nevertheless tolerated. We never use the suffix -ju in written form.

GROUP III

Suffixes -it, -et and -ět. Verbs such as "platit" (to pay, to be accurate/in effect), "válet" '(to roll, to rock [slang]), "rozumět" (to understatnd).

Já            platím/ válím/ rozumím          My          platíme/ válíme/ rozumíme
Ty           platíš/ válíš/ rozumíš               Vy           platíte/ válíte/ rozumíte
On/a/o    platí/ válí/ rozumí                      Oni/y/a    platí/ válí/ rozumí

GROUP IV

Suffixes -ést and -ci. For instance "nést" (to carry), "moci" (can, to be able to, to be allowed to).

Já             nesu/ můžu (mohu*)       My         neseme/ můžeme
Ty            neseš/ můžeš                    Vy          nesete/ můžete
On/a/o     nese/ může                          Oni/y/a    nesou/ můžou (mohou*)
* these forms are archaic but still you can hear them from elders or when somebody wants to be deemed an educated man.


      As regards the exceptions, most of them can be classified in these groups, the only problem is that they don't end in those suffixes listed above.

Conjugation– BÝT (to be)

PRESENT TENSE

Já jsem                                     My jsme
Ty jsi                                        Vy jste
On/a/o je                                  Oni/y/a jsou

FUTURE TENSE

Já budu                                    My budeme
Ty budeš                                  Vy budete
On/a/o bude                             Oni/y/a budou

PAST TENSE

Já jsem byl/a                            My jsme byli/y/a
Ty jsi byl/a/o                            Vy jste byl/i/y/a
On/a/o byl/a/o                          Oni/y/a byli/y/a

IMPERATIVE

Já ----                                         My buďme
Ty buď                                      Vy buďte
On/a/o ať je                              Oni/y/a ať jsou


Example sentences:
Jsem naštvaná. (I'm angry. [Feminine subject.])
Rána jsou v zimě chladná. (The mornings are cold in winter.)
Buď tady v šest hodin. (Be here at six o'clock.)
Včera jsme byli ve škole. (We were at school yesterday.)
Byl jsem rozrušený. když mi volala. (I was distraught when she called me. [The first subject is masculine.])

Lesson 5– Assimilation

 This is a topic I forgot to mention in the Lesson 1. Native speakers do it automatically, we don't even realise it.
     What is assimilation? It is a phonological process by which one sound becomes more similar to the previous one or the following one. It is usually done to facilitate pronunciation. When voiced and voiceless sounds meet, one of them turns into a voicless sound.
      First, you need to find out the difference between voiced and voiceless consonants:

D x T  (dry x try)
G x K (gone x calm)
Z x S (zygote x sleep)
H x Ch (hold x loch ness)
B x P (burst x plant)
V x F (via x fake)
Ď x Ť (dy x ty)
Ž x Š (pleasure x mushroom)
N x N (note x fang)
Ř x Ř (tři x dři) => you don't have to pay attention to this one, because it is impossible to pronounce voiced "ř" after any voiceless consonant and vice versa.
(Other consonants don't assimilate.)

Assimilation in the middle/ at the end of words

V x F

borůvka, f. ['boa-roof-kah] (blueberry) – "k" is a voiceless sound, therefore you have to read "v" as "f"
plav ['pluf] (swim!) – it sounds weird when pronouncing each sound voiced, especially those at the end of words, therefore "f" instead of "v"
BUT!
zavolat ['zah-voa-lut] (call) – "o" is a vocal, it doesn't change anything about the pronunciation of the word

B x P

trubka, f. ['troup-kah] (tube) – "k" is a voiceless consonant, "b" is read as "p"
zob, m ['zoap] (seed for poultry) – "b" at the end of a word is pronounced as "p"
BUT!
obvaz, m. ['oab-vus] (bandage) – "v" is a voiced sound, so you must read "b" as "b"
zip, m. ['zip] (zip)

D x T

vodka, f. ['voat-kuh] (vodka) – "d" => "t"
med, m. ['met] (honey) – "d" => "t"
BUT!
medvěd, m. ['med-vyeht] (bear) – "v" is a voiced consonant, therefore the preceding "d" is really read as "d" 
kat, m. ['cut] (executioner)

Ď x Ť

choďte ['choaty-teh] (walk!) – "t" is a voiceless consonant, so "ď" is read as "ť"
káď, f. ['ca:ty] (tub) – "ď" at the end of a word is read as "ť"
BUT!
nať, f. ['nutye] (leaves)

Z x S 

kaz, m. ['cus] (flaw) – "z" => "s"
oblázky, pl., m. ['oab-lu:s-kih] (pebbles) – "k" is a voiceless sound, "z" => "s"
BUT!
jízda, f. ['yie:z-duh] (ride) – "d" is a voiced sound, so "z" must be read as "z"
les, m ['les] (forrest)

Ž x Š

muž, f. ['moush] (man)– "ž" is at the end of the word, so it must be read as "š"
pokožka, f. ['poa-kosh-kuh] (epidermis)  – "ž" => "š"
BUT!
kůže, f. ['coo-sue] (skin) – "e" is a vocal, it doesn't change anything about word's pronunciation
veš, f. ['vesh] (louse)

H x Ch

výtah, m. ['vee-tuch] (lift/ elevator) – "h" => "ch"
nehty, pl. m. ['nech-tih] (nails) – "h" => "ch"
BUT!
nehoda, f. ['neh-hoa-duh] (accident) – "o" is a vocal, it doesn't change anything about the pronunciation
hoch, m. arch. ['hoach] (boy)

You don't have to memorize all of these; as you listen to the words, you'll start doing it subconsciously.

love & peace
Ciray

Lesson 4– Grammar (pronouns, conjugation of verbs)

  Hello, I'm here again. You don't have to pretend to be happy, but if you want to learn Czech, you should. Muhehe.

Verb conjugation

       Here comes the difficult part of the Czech language. Not unmanageable but still pretty hard to learn. You don't have to memorize all of the verb conjugations now. Your brain will learn them when reading.        Unfortunately, you'll have to learn lots of words to be capable of reading a Czech text. So, now what you must do is to memorize these... and some more. ^_^
         I don't want to bother you with all of them now, so I'll be putting them here on this website one by one.

       So, let's start. Here are three simple rules for you to take into your account:
1) Verb infinitives always end with -t.
2) Some of the verbs have reflexive pronouns "se" or "si" (meaning "myself, yourself, ...") but can be used without them gaining a different meaning.
3) Verbs can be used without an object (noun, pronoun, ...). (Like in Spanish.)

Verb BÝT ['beet] (=to be)
Já               jsem     My           jsme
Ty              jsi         Vy            jste
On/a/o        je         Oni/y/a      jsou
(present tense forms)

Note: The Czech language has three tenses only, to your relief. :)

         Verbs with reflexive pronouns can change their position in a sentence depending on whether there is a subject or not. As usual, the best way to explain is to show you: Ona si hraje s panenkou. The reflexive pronoun is prior to the verb. Another example: Hraje si. The subject is not present, therefore the pronoun and verb have switched. (Conjugation of the verb "hrát si" is here.)

         All (read: those I managed to make so far) verb conjugations are listed in a separate section.

Pronouns

        As you (probably) have deduced, the basic pronouns are: já, ty, on, ona, ono, my, vy, oni, ony, ona. Seems like a lot of pronouns, right? I'll explain here:
Já ['ya:h] I                   My ['mih] we
Ty ['tih] you                 Vy ['vih] you
On ['oan] he                 Oni ['oa-nyi] they (for masculine gender & for masculine gender and feminine gender)
Ona ['oa-nah] she        Ony ['oa-nih] they (for feminine gender)
Ono ['oa-noh] it           Ona ['oa-nah] they (for neuter gender)

Note: The pronouns can be inflected (the Czech language has seven cases). I'll teach you the declension later.

        There are also demonstrative pronouns which you can use while learning new Czech words. These are ten (masculine sing.) , ta (feminine sing.), to (neuter sing.), ti (masculine plural and masculine + feminine plural), ty (feminine plural), ta (neuter plural). I'll list them again and you try to say the genders and numbers aloud while reading them.

ten           ti

ta             ty

to             ta

love & peace
Ciray

Lesson 3– Short conversations

 In this lesson, we'll learn how to converse.
      First of all, check the Lesson 2 (http://ciray.blogspot.cz/2013/10/lesson-2-greetings.html) to read the greetings once again. It's for your own good, believe me.
Now, let's find out some information about Czech grammar. The most important (and most difficult) are declension and conjugation. I won't bother you with these in this lesson, you'd go mad. I just want you to take it into account when learning to converse, because the verbs may sound similar but they don't necessarily have the same meaning.

      Let's start with formal conversations. Now that you know, when to use the formal language (if you don't, check the Lesson 2– Greetings) and you also know how to start a conversation, all you need to learn is to continue it. Read these dialogues aloud:

Slečna Nováková: Dobré odpoledne, pane Vyskočile, jak se dnes máte?
Pan Vyskočil: Výborně. A vy?
Slečna Nováková: Dobře. Na shledanou.
Pan Vyskočil: Přeji vám hezký den. Na shledanou.

Paní Veselá: Dobrý den. Jmenuji se Silvie Veselá a jsem vaše průvodkyně. Měla jste dobrou cestu?
Paní Skřivánková:  Ano, děkuji za optání. Jak se vám daří?
Paní Veselá: Nemohu si stěžovat. Tak, půjdeme?
Paní Skřivánková: Jistě.

Vocabulary

slečna f. ['sleh-chnah] Miss, n.
Nováková ['noh-vah:-coh-vah:] girls' Czech surname
pan (/pane) m. ['pun] Mister, n. (pane is an inflected form of pan)
Jak se (dnes) máte? ['yuck 'seh ('dnes) 'mah:-teh] How are you (today)?
Vyskočil ['vis-kohch-chil] men's Czech surname
výborně ['vih:-bor-nye] great, adv.
a ['ah] and, conj.
vy ['vih] you, pronoun, formal
dobře ['doh-břeh] well, adv.
Přeji (vám) hezký den. ['přeh-yih ('vu:m) 'hez-kih: 'dehn] I wish a nice day (to you [formal]).
paní f. ['pah-nyi:] Misuse, n
Veselá ['veh-seh-lah:] girls' Czech surname (literally translated: happy :)
Jmenuji se... ['ymeh-nooh-yi 'seh] My name is...
jsem... ['ysehm] I am...
vaše ['vah-sheh] your/s, pronoun, formal
průvodkyně f. ['prooh-vod-kih-nye] female guide
Měla jste dobrou cestu? ['mnye-lah 'ysteh 'doh-brow 'tses-to] Did you have a pleasant journey? (when asking a female, formal)
ano ['ah-noh] yes
děkuji za optání ['dyeh-kooh-yi 'zah 'op-tah:-nyi:] thank you for asking
Jak se vám daří? ['yuck 'seh 'vu:m 'dah-řih:] How are you doing?
Nemohu si stěžovat. ['neh-moh-ho 'sih 'stye-suo-vut] I can't complain.
tak ['tuck] so
Půjdeme? ['poo:-ydeh-meh] Shall we go?
jistě ['yis-tye] sure

       Informal conversations are more complicated especially among children. I'll give you some examples of dialogues but, as you know, children have their own language.

Lucie: Čau, jak to jde?
Martin: Ujde to. Co ty?
Lucie: Dobré. Měj se.
Martin: Ty taky.

Vocabulary

Jak to jde? ['yuck 'toh 'ydeh] How's it going? (the same as German "Wie geht's?")
Ujde to. ['ooy-deh 'toh] Not bad.
dobré ['doh-bre:h] good, adj.
Ty taky. ['tih 'tah-kih] You too. (It's because "Měj se" is an equivalent of "Stay cool", which you can answer "you too" ("ty taky") or "stay cool" ("měj se".)

       I know that nobody likes to learn words and phrases, but remember that they're the basis of any language. 

P. S.: Sorry for being late with this lesson. I had to do the stuff for school and visit a doctor. I cannot believe it. Another package of antibiotics, spray and some pills. xP